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The first test your doctor will usually order to detect a problem with your thyroid gland is a TSH test. If your TSH level is abnormal, the doctor will usually request a free thyroxine (FT4 ) test to confirm the diagnosis. A free triiodothyronine (FT3) test may be requested as well.
Additional tests that may be performed include:
- Thyroid antibodies - to identify autoimmune thyroid conditions.
- Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody - a marker for autoimmune thyroid disease; it can be detected in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis or Graves’ disease. It may be especially helpful in early Hashimoto’s thyroiditis when TSH is elevated but the remaining thyroid maintains a normal free T4 level.
- Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) antibodies - a marker for Graves’ disease.
- Thyroglobulin - to monitor the treatment of thyroid cancer and to detect recurrence.
When are these tests ordered?
Because one out of every 4,000 infants is born without a working thyroid gland, there is a national programme in Australia to screen all newborn babies for hypothyroidism with a TSH test on a drop of blood taken from a heel prick.
Otherwise, these tests are requested when your doctor notices that your symptoms resemble those of a thyroid condition. For instance, signs of hypothyroidism include fatigue, weight gain, increased sensitivity to cold, and skin dryness. Signs of hyperthyroidism include fatigue, weight loss, increased sensitivity to heat, and nervousness. Tests are also requested in individuals who have a family history of thyroid disorders.
Talking Results: what your Thyroid Function Test results can show

Last Review Date: May 26, 2023